University of Bristol Welcomes Rsif Scholar Advancing Landslide Research

This article has been adapted from the University of Bristol website

We are delighted to welcome Ma-Lyse Nema, the first scholar on our PhD student mobility scheme (with PASET-Rsif and Cabot Institute). Rsif is the flagship programme of the Partnership for Skills in Applied Sciences, Engineering, and Technology (PASET), managed by the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) as the Regional Coordination Unit.

She joins us from the Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny in Côte d’Ivoire, and will spend six months with the Bristol research community, continuing her PhD research on landslide hazards and risks in the Kivu catchment of Rwanda.

We caught up with Ma-Lyse to find out more about her research.

Please tell us about your background and what led you to pursue research in landslide hazards and risks in Rwanda

I was raised in a landslide-prone area of western Rwanda, and I’ve always wanted to help discover a solution since my childhood. I’m glad that my dreams are coming true.

Can you share any preliminary findings or insights from your research so far?

My preliminary findings show that rainfall, slope cutting, and deforestation are the factors mostly associated with landslides in the Kivu catchment of Rwanda (CKIV).

What challenges have you faced in your research and how have you overcome them?

It was challenging to reach remote areas during the data collection, and I decided to use motorbikes! Additionally, I had very limited skills in landslide modeling, so I applied for this placement at the University of Bristol to learn more about the causes of landslides and appropriate methods of analysis to apply in CKIV.

What will you be working on during your placement here, and what are your goals?

I will be working on a literature review and data analysis. My goal is to use my landslide inventory and the knowledge and data I have collected to develop a susceptibility map that can be used for better landslide decisions in CKIV and is suitable for future publication.

How do you hope this placement will benefit your research and career?

I will gain new knowledge and skills in understanding landslides and different modeling methods. I will gain experience through connecting with international researchers in my career.

Do you think there will also be benefits for the institutions involved?

Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny will benefit from raising a competent PhD graduate. The PASET will gain another highly skilled woman in applied sciences. The University of Bristol will benefit from my experiences related to climate challenges in sub-Saharan Africa.

This interview was first published on; https://parc.bristol.ac.uk/2025/02/07/looking-into-landslides/

 

Educate and empower women for a prosperous future

In today’s rapidly evolving world, the pivotal role of women in driving progress, innovation, and sustainable development cannot be overstated. Yet, despite significant strides, gender disparities persist. Education is the cornerstone of empowerment, and investing in women’s education is an investment in the future. By providing equal access to education and training opportunities, we not only empower women but also unlock their potential to contribute meaningfully to society. At Rsif, we support women scholars and innovators while fostering an inclusive ecosystem where they can thrive. Through our scholarships, mentorship, and research opportunities, we ensure that talented women across Africa have the chance to excel in applied sciences, engineering, and technology (ASET). We are committed to breaking down barriers and paving the way for a new generation of female leaders.

Supporting women scholars and innovators is not just a matter of equality; it’s a strategic imperative for regional progress. When women are given the opportunity to thrive in academia and innovation, they become catalysts for change, driving breakthrough discoveries, pioneering solutions to pressing challenges, and reshaping industries.

As the world celebrates International Day of Women and Girls in Science, we would like to highlight some Rsif scholars making strides in the STEM:

  • Dr Theofrida Maginga, a recent Rsif alumna who graduated from the University of Rwanda with a PhD in embedded computing systems, funded by Rsif-PASET. Our support has been instrumental in her career, especially as a woman in ICT and big data. Beyond financial assistance, we provide mentorship and a strong support system, ensuring that women like Dr Theofrida have a pipeline for career growth. Despite challenges such as imposter syndrome and societal stereotypes, her journey underscores the transformative impact of our program in empowering women in ICT and big data.
Dr Theofrida Maginga. Photo/Sakina Mapenzi
  • Dr Linda Bih Numfor from Cameroon, a recent Rsif alumna from Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology in Tanzania, completed her PhD in the Synthesis and Comparative Study of Activated Biochars’ and Clay Balls’ Capacity for Organic and Inorganic Decontamination. Not only did she complete her studies, but she also earned a patent and published impactful research solutions. Dr Linda’s achievements highlight the immense potential that exists when women in STEM receive the support and resources to excel.
Dr Linda Bih Numfor. Photo/ PASET-Rsif
  • Faith Wanjiku, a final-year Kenyan Rsif PhD student at Sokoine University of Agriculture in Tanzania, was inspired to pursue a career in food security and agribusiness after witnessing disparities in farmers’ earnings in her community while growing up. Despite facing challenges as a woman in a male-dominated field, Faith remains committed to her passion, driven by the desire to make a meaningful impact.
Faith Wanjiku
  • Esther Aldégonde Kpodo, a Beninese Rsif PhD scholar at the African Center of Excellence for Climate Smart Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation (Climate SABC) at Haramaya University in Ethiopia, is driven by a passion for addressing climate change and its impacts on Africa. Esther’s dedication to advancing understanding and shaping socio-economic transformation underscores the vital role of women in climate action and sustainable development.
Esther Aldégonde Kpodo

Across Africa, female scholars are breaking barriers and conducting groundbreaking research in diverse fields. However, their journeys are often fraught with challenges, from limited funding opportunities to societal biases. Through Rsif-PASET, we are empowering more women to pursue advanced studies, transform industries, and serve as role models for future generations of women in science, technology, and innovation. The remarkable achievements of women like Theofrida, Linda, Faith and Esther is a lesson that providing a nurturing environment where women can pursue their passions, can help them overcome obstacles, and be gamechangers in their fields.

At Rsif, our dedication to empowering women in science, innovation, and climate action is more than a commitment—it is a promise to future generations. By nurturing talent, breaking down barriers, and fostering a culture of inclusivity, we are driving regional progress and shaping a brighter future for Africa. Investing in women’s education and innovation not only empowers individuals but also fuels regional progress, prosperity, and resilience. Together, let us continue building a future where every woman and girl has the opportunity to unleash her full potential, accelerate progress, and contribute to a more equitable and sustainable world.

Here is a brief interview with Dr Asingwire Barbara Kabwiga, is a Ugandan national who pursued her PhD in Embedded computing Systems-Internet of Things at the University of Rwanda on the topic: Architectural Design of IoT-Based Healthcare Heterogeneous Traffic: Performance Analysis and Optimization. Dr Kabwiga is currently a Lecturer in Computer Engineering and Informatics at Busitema University in Eastern Uganda.

Q: Tell us more about yourself?

A: I am Dr Asingwire Barbara Kabwiga, a Ugandan, born and raised in Kabale district in South-Western Uganda. As the only girl among five boys, I begun the task of balancing house chores and academics early enough and this only propelled me to be hardworking and keen to excel academically, perceiving such an achievement as the only path to a bright future.

Dr Barbara Asingwire. Photo/ Sakina Mapenzi

Q: What is IoT?

A: IoT simply stands for The Internet of Things which is a network of connected devices that can share data and perform tasks.

Q: How relevant is your research on IoT architecture?

A: The proposed IoT architecture enables connection of medical sensors to collect patients’ health data and process it to reduce on the burden on the healthcare systems in developing countries.

Q: What could be done to accelerate the adoption of IoT-based healthcare in developing countries?

A: Things like data privacy legislation, national IoT plans, and financial incentives for healthcare providers and entrepreneurs, as well as expanding internet access, guaranteeing interoperability standards, could speed adoption of IoT in health care service delivery.

Barbara designing an embedded system prototype

Q: How has Rsif empowered you to be science leader?

A: Obtaining the Rsif scholarship was the game changer because it availed a platform for me to contribute tremendously to the health sector in Sub-Saharan Africa using the latest computing technologies like the Internet of things.

Q: How does the International Day of Women and Girls in Science mean to you as a woman IoT scientist?  

A: This increases awareness of women’s critical role in STEM. By highlighting female innovators and role models, the day can motivate young girls to take science professions such as in health technology.

Additional reporting by Janet Otieno

 

Using AI and machine learning to predict weather patterns and diagnose crop diseases in the Sahel region

This week, we spotlight how Dr Chimango Nyasulu, a recent Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (Rsif) supported PhD graduate from Malawi, is using AI and machine learning to predict weather patterns and diagnose crop diseases in the Sahel region. Dr Nyasulu is addressing agricultural challenges in the Sahel region through innovative machine learning research. He has made significant strides in addressing agricultural challenges posed by climate change in the Sahel region. His innovative research at Gaston Berger University of Saint Louis, Senegal, focused on using machine learning to predict weather patterns and diagnose crop diseases, aiming to enhance agricultural resilience and productivity.

Dr Chimango Nyasulu. Photo/Sakina Mapenzi

Climate change brings numerous challenges to agriculture in the Sahel, including unpredictable rainfall, rising temperatures, and increased incidence of pests and diseases. To help farmers cope with these challenges, Dr Nyasulu’s research explored the effectiveness of machine learning techniques in forecasting key weather variables and classifying crop diseases.

Dr Nyasulu’s study used various machine learning methods to forecast daily rainfall, relative humidity, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature in Senegal. The stacked Ensemble Model proved to be the most accurate, outperforming other techniques by accurately predicting weather patterns based on spatial distribution and annual cycles. The use of polynomial features improved the model’s performance, reducing errors and increasing accuracy for daily rainfall forecasting.

Photo/Freepik

In addition to weather prediction, Dr Nyasulu focused on classifying and quantifying the severity of tomato leaf fungal diseases using machine learning classifiers. Techniques like Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Artificial Neural Networks were applied to identify diseases such as Alternaria, Curvularia, Helminthosporium, and Lasiodiplodia based on texture features. The Artificial Neural Network achieved an impressive 91% accuracy rate. Further, transfer learning with Convolutional Neural Networks, specifically MobileNet, enhanced the classification accuracy to 96.3%.

The practical application of Dr Nyasulu’s research led to the development of a prototype called E-FarmAI, integrating the Ensemble Model for weather forecasting and MobileNet for disease classification. This tool has the potential to significantly boost food security in Senegal and other African nations by providing farmers with accurate weather predictions and effective disease management strategies.

Dr Nyasulu’s research holds valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and development organizations aiming to promote agricultural productivity and resilience in Africa. Currently, he continues his work as a Researcher in Artificial Intelligence in the ICT Department of Mzuzu University in Malawi, contributing to the advancement of AI solutions for agricultural challenges.

Dr Chimango Nyasulu. Photo/Sakina Mapenzi

The Rsif program has played a crucial role in supporting Dr Nyasulu and other students, fostering innovation and practical solutions to real-world problems in sub-Saharan Africa. His work exemplifies how Rsif students are solving pressing African problems, driving positive impacts on their countries and the broader sub-Saharan region. Rsif’s contribution to strengthening higher education and scientific research is vital for the continent’s sustainable development and building resilience to climate change.

Korea’s Role in Boosting African Innovation: The Impact of Rsif Scholars in Global Research Collaborations 

On this International Day of Education, we celebrate the transformative power of education and its vital role in fostering sustainable development. At the heart of this global mission is the PASET Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (Rsif), a programme coordinated by icipe, and dedicated to empowering African scholars through international collaborations.

In this article, we feature an exclusive interview with Prof Junseok Hwang, the Director, Seoul National University Global R&DB Center (GRC). He is also the Professor, Technology Management, Economics, and Policy Program in the College of Engineering at the university. Global R&DB Center  is one of Rsif’s esteemed International Partner Institutions.

Prof Junseok Hwang. Photo/Courtesy

The discussion explores the unique collaboration and how education and innovation plays a role in securing Africa’s place in the global knowledge economy.

During an insightful interview with a senior representative from GRC, it became evident that Rsif students have made notable strides during their placements.

Q:  What notable achievements or breakthroughs have Rsif students placed in GRC made during their time there? 

A: I think we had a very successful first and second batch of the student who came to GRC. The main achievement they made is actually their thesis, at least through our consultation. I think that there was the major achievement, especially their research methodology has been sharpened for the African development, especially sustainable economy.

These scholars have not only produced high-quality PhD theses but have also sharpened their research methodologies, focusing on critical areas such as sustainable economic development in Africa. The rigorous academic environment at GRC has accelerated their progress, enabling them to meet and exceed expectations in their research endeavors.

Rsif scholars and their colleagues at the Global Research Center (GRC) in Korea
Exploring new frontiers; Rsif scholars and their colleagues at the Global R&DB Center in Korea. Photo/ Courtesy/Minsoo Chung/ GRC

Q: How have these placements facilitated partnerships between Rsif students and GRC? 

A: One of the standout achievements of Rsif students at GRC is the establishment of partnerships that extend beyond academia. The successful matchmaking between students and faculty has led to fruitful collaborations across various disciplines. These connections are vital for fostering a community of researchers who can tackle pressing challenges facing Africa today.

Q: Are there any ongoing collaborations that stand out? 

A:  There are ongoing collaborations which have resulted in several journal publications, further solidifying the academic impact of these partnerships. This collaborative spirit is essential for nurturing a new generation of African researchers who are well-equipped to contribute to global knowledge and innovation. So yes, there’s more of collaboration in academic and journal publications, I think that’s mostly the what we do as scholars.

Enhancing Technical Skills for Local Impact 

 Q:  In what ways do you believe the technical skills acquired by Rsif students in Korea differ from those available in their home countries? 

A: The technical skills acquired by Rsif students in Korea significantly differ from those available in their home countries. Access to advanced academic resources, cutting-edge research facilities, and expert guidance has empowered these scholars to develop methodologies that are not only innovative but also applicable to local contexts upon their return. This transfer of knowledge is crucial for strengthening local research institutions and enhancing their capacity to address regional challenges.

The Ripple Effect on Local Institutions

Q: Can you elaborate on how the experiences gained in GRC contribute to local research institutions upon their return? What ripple effects have you observed? 

A: The experience gained by Rsif alumni at GRC is already creating a ripple effect within local research institutions. The graduates have returned to their home countries as lecturers or researchers, bringing with them valuable insights and skills that contribute to the growth of their respective institutions. This dynamic exchange fosters a culture of innovation and collaboration that is vital for Africa’s development.

Korea’s Commitment to African Development 

Q:  What drives GRC’s interest in investing in Rsif and Africa’s scientific future? Are there specific goals or outcomes that Korea hope to achieve through this collaboration? 

A: I think Rsif is a great initiative, also fostering Pan African agenda. In our institution, we have a scholarship which is older than Rsif since it started 21 years ago, like since 2003 and we are rebuilding global digital transformer bringing smart civilization to humanity. So we started with the digital, but now we are moving on to AI and also the smart city and other civilization effect.

Rsif scholars in a group photo with their colleagues at the Global Research Center (GRC) in Korea. Photo/Courtesy/ Minsoo Chung/ GRC
Rsif scholars in a group photo with their colleagues at the Global R&DB Center (GRC) in Korea. Photo/Courtesy/ Minsoo Chung/ GRC

Q: In your opinion how does Korea’s support for Rsif align with its broader foreign policy objectives? Can you provide examples of mutual benefits that have arisen from this partnership? 

A: Korea’s support for Rsif aligns with its broader objectives aimed at fostering sustainable development in Africa. As the only non-African government supporting this initiative, Korea recognizes the importance of investing in education and research as a means to promote mutual growth and understanding between continents. The establishment of initiatives like the International Innovation Alliance further demonstrates Korea’s commitment to facilitating cross-continental collaborations that enhance Africa’s scientific landscape.

 Investing in Future Generations 

Q: How can Korea’s involvement serve as a model for other international donors? What tangible impacts have been observed that could encourage further investment? 

A: Frankly speaking,  I think Rsif is great, and should continue. The programme is  very important and need to be increased. The global humanity need to work focusing on Africa so that we co-develop together. As we reflect on the successes of Rsif and its scholars, it becomes clear that continued investment in such programmes is essential for driving innovation across Africa. Funding opportunities should be expanded to ensure that more students can benefit from international collaborations that provide them with the skills and knowledge necessary to lead change in their communities.

Q: Looking ahead, how do you envision the future of Rsif and its partnerships with international supporters? What potential do you see for African countries to become innovation hubs? 

A: I want to say Korea is very strong in digital information technology or bio or agriculture, right? And agribusiness, and also AI and smart city. So those are the very strategic and specific areas that Korea can benefit the African scholars.

Q: How do you think Korea’s involvement serve as a model for other international donors? 

A: I believe there’s more need of African scholarship. So we need work on creating a momentum that we can work together. There is the need for more scholarships and donor increase. From my point of view, you know that centers of excellence in Rsif African Host Universities (AHUs) are great. So they should be packaged as very important innovation hubs for collaboration to bring global awareness based on your Pan-African unity and strength.  This should be the African innovation union in a way.  Rsif probably can prosper by having more partnership and stronger collaboration, and also may be doing some of the strategic things together. Like the scholarly exchanges.

Call for action 

By supporting initiatives like Rsif, stakeholders can play a pivotal role in shaping a brighter future for Africa—one where innovation thrives, and local researchers are empowered to make meaningful contributions on both national and global stages.

 

Rsif scholar wins prestigious UNESCO- L’Oreal For Women in Science Award 2024

The L’Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Young Talents Programme in Sub-Saharan Africa has been a beacon of recognition for outstanding female researchers for 15 years. Recently, Regional Scholarship Innovation Fund (Rsif) scholar Dr Ruth Lorivi Moirana was among the recipients of this prestigious award, which honours young women scientists for their groundbreaking work. The 2024 regional award ceremony, held in December in Cotonou, Benin, celebrated 30 talented women from 16 African countries, including 25 PhD students and 5 post-docs, who were selected from nearly 800 applicants for their innovative projects addressing the continent’s major challenges. This recognition not only highlights their scientific excellence but also underscores Rsif program’s commitment to empowering women in science across Africa. Dr Moirana was a cohort 2 Rsif scholar who completed her PhD thesis at the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) in Tanzania. Rsif is the flagship programme of the Partnership for Skills in Applied Sciences, Engineering, and Technology (PASET), managed by the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) as the Regional Coordination Unit.

Her research topic was on “remediation of soils contaminated with fluoride using seaweed-derived materials.”

Early January, we sat down with Dr Moirana for this interview.

Q: Congratulations Dr Moirana for this great achievement. How has your experience as an Rsif scholar shaped your academic journey and contributed to your success?

A: As an Rsif scholar, I have had the privilege of accessing numerous resources that have significantly shaped my academic journey. In addition to providing financial support for my PhD, Rsif organizes various training programmes aimed at enhancing our research, communication, and personal skills as future African leaders. These trainings and webinars have transformed the way I think and communicate with the world.

Importantly, Rsif scholars and alumni have access to the Junior Investigation Research Award (JIRA), which supports Rsif-sponsored PhD graduates in advancing their research careers after completing their degrees. It was through the JIRA that I was able to apply for and successfully obtain the L’Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science award. Therefore, the JIRA serves as a seed that helps us attract further funding, and I am grateful to the visionaries behind the JIRA.

Q: Who have been your mentors or role models throughout your academic journey?

A: The mentors in my academic journey have always been my supervisors: Prof Kelvin Mtei, Prof Revocatus Machunda, and Dr Marcos Paradelo. They have been a significant source of motivation and have served as role models throughout my studies, continually encouraging me to strive for more. Although he was not my supervisor, Prof Mwemezi Rwiza has also been an important mentor, offering incredible support and promotion for my work. I am grateful to all of them.

Q: What is the core focus of your research, and why is it important?

A: My research investigates how fertilizers interact with “outlier soils.” Outlier soils are those that do not fit into typical soil classifications due to abnormal physical, chemical, and biological factors. These unique characteristics alter the conventional interactions between fertilizers, soils, and crops, thereby affecting the effectiveness of the fertilizers. My research aims are to establish these interactions, investigate how they influence nutrient availability for the grown crops, and design an appropriate treatment plan.

Dr Ruth Lorivi Moirana has won the prestigious UNESCO- L’Oreal For Women in Science Award 2024. PHOTO/COURTESY

Dr Ruth Lorivi Moirana prestigious UNESCO- L’Oreal For Women in Science Award 2024. PHOTO/COURTESYQ: How does your work address specific challenges facing your community or region?

A: Tanzania is located along the Great Rift Valley (GRV), which has both advantages and disadvantages. One significant drawback is the introduction of contaminants into the upper part of the Earth’s crust, specifically the soil “Chemically contributed outlierness”. One of these contaminants is fluoride, which impacts approximately six regions of the country.

Elevated fluoride levels in the soil affect how it interacts with fertilizer elements, leading to either over- or underutilization of fertilizers, which in turn impacts their effectiveness. My research aims to ensure that farmers using fluoride-contaminated soils maximize the benefits of their fertilizers while also improving their soils’ resilience to the impacts of climate change.

Q: Winning the L’Oréal-UNESCO for Women in Science award is a significant milestone. How do you feel this recognition will influence your future research and career?

A: Winning the L’Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science award is a significant milestone for me for three main reasons related to my aspirations.

First, this award has provided financial support for my research, which is instrumental in building my career.

Second, like the Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (Rsif), it has given me a platform to showcase my work and gain attention from others. This visibility is essential for both my research and my personal growth.

Third, winning this award has validated my work, showing that it resonates with others and is easily understandable. The fact that there were 788 applications screened by 90 experts, with only 30 being selected as winners, highlights the importance of this recognition for me.

Q: What changes do you believe are necessary to improve gender equality in scientific fields?

A: I believe that we all have a role to play in bringing change to gender equality. This change starts with encouraging individuals who are passionate about pursuing science, building a supportive and open-minded society that respects individual choices and further, establishing a government that implements policies that promote gender equality in education, ensure equal representation in decision-making, and empower all individuals.

Q: As the first female Rsif scholar from NM-AIST to defend your thesis, what message do you hope to convey to other women pursuing careers in STEM?

A: Pursuing a career in STEM can be challenging for women due to various obstacles and barriers. However, I want to share these important messages with them:

  1. Acknowledge your obstacles and factor them into your planning.
  2. Create a detailed study plan that takes into account all potential challenges.
  3. Commit to hard work and perseverance.
  4. Cultivate a genuine passion for what you are doing.

By following these steps, you can navigate the challenges and thrive in your STEM journey.

 

Q: What are your aspirations moving forward and how does it align with Rsif goals?

A: I want to help empower Africa by contributing to clean and sustainable food systems. My goal is to ensure that farmers using contaminated soils have an equal opportunity to compete in the global food market in terms of quality.

To achieve this, I also aim to mentor my peers and the younger generation through teaching and supervision. This aligns with what Rsif implements through its mentorship and capacity-building programme, which pairs its alumni network with incoming new Rsif scholars with the solemn goal of fostering academic and research excellence

 

Q: How do you envision your research contributing to sustainable development in Africa?

A: Africa is a continent rich in natural resources and productive land. If we focus our efforts on agriculture, we have the potential to excel in global markets with our agricultural products. However, a significant number of farmers in Africa are smallholders who face various challenges that hinder their ability to produce high-quality goods for international competition. My research aims to support these smallholder farmers by addressing one of their key obstacles: the production of contamination-free agricultural goods.

 

Q: What message would you like to convey to potential donors about the importance of funding initiatives like Rsif?

A: I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the donors who chose to support initiatives like Rsif. Rsif is structured to make its opportunities accessible to deserving young people across Africa and motivated by the goal of driving change. Thus, the donors should know that they are investing in the future of a transformed Africa through the emergence of a new generation of transformative leaders.

Unlike many other initiatives, I appreciate that Rsif offers ongoing support to its scholars. I hope that Rsif will continue to support us—not just financially, which is important, but also by promoting our research to increase our visibility among those who share our language. Additionally, I would like to see more opportunities for networking and the enhancement of our skills through training whenever possible.

The Scent of Hope: How Habitat Suitability Map developed by Rsif scholar is helping save the African sandalwood

In a small village nestled in Central Kenya, Dr Jane Gachambi Mwangi, a Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (Rsif) scholar who studied Phd in Natural Resources Management and Climate Change at Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria with research placement at Natural Resource Institute (NRI) University of Greenwich, London is worried about the African sandalwood, known by the scientific name Osyris lanceolata. For her, African Sandalwood is a fragrant wood used in incense and essential oils that has the potential to uplift many people out of poverty. However, there is troubling reality: the tree is facing a grave threat. Its demand has surged in local and international markets; hence, overharvesting has become rampant.

Dr Mwangi explained that she “is set to uncover the ecological and human-induced challenges facing the African sandalwood and factors influencing its distribution across Eastern and Southern Africa.”

The African sandalwood widely distributed in the eastern African nations of Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, and Uganda, as well as the westward and eastward adjacent countries of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Somalia, and extended to the southern African states of Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini.

“Despite increasing threats to the survival of the plant in eastern Africa, there is inadequate information about the ecology and distribution, let alone the various supporting and limiting factors that influence the plant’s occurrences in the wild,” Dr Mwangi points out that adding that data and studies from other parts of the world are scarce, despite the plant’s ecological, socioeconomic, and cultural importance in many areas.

Development of Habitat Suitability Maps

To address these challenges, Dr Mwangi created Habitat Suitability Maps that identify areas where African Sandalwood can thrive despite climate change. These maps became vital tools for conservationists and policymakers alike. The maps also highlighted areas where communities could focus their efforts on sustainable management and conservation practices.

“The Habitat Suitability Maps, which were the first of its kind for African Sandalwood can be enhanced by including habitat characteristics such as biotic factors like hosts of Osyris lanceolata,” Dr Mwangi observed.

By incorporating habitat characteristics and biotic factors into these maps, Dr. Mwangi aims to enhance their effectiveness.

“Understanding the suit of abiotic and biotic factors and anthropogenic threats influencing the African sandalwood in eastern Africa and other parts of the world is critical for the conservation and sustainable management of this threatened species,” Dr Mwangi remarked.

The African Sandalwood
The African Sandalwood. Photo/Courtesy

Community utilization of the maps

Understanding the importance of community involvement, Dr Mwangi organised workshops to educate villagers about sustainable practices. She emphasised how they could use the Habitat Suitability Maps to engage in Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM). By nurturing existing sandalwood plants through techniques like coppicing—where rootstocks are tended—villagers can help regenerate their forests.

“If the areas predicted to be suitable in the Habitat Suitability Maps are in private and communal lands that are not under the control of the government due to land tenure, then the Community Based Organizations and Natural Resources managers should sensitise and encourage the local community to participate actively in conservation, especially in tending the remnants of African sandalwood,” she suggested.

Dr Mwangi  has encouraged her community to plant young African sandalwood saplings in their fields, integrating them into agroforestry systems that provide economic benefits while enhancing environmental resilience. She said the communities learnt about the ecological significance of their native trees and felt empowered to take action. She explained that cultivating the African sandalwood alongside other crops could create climate-resilient landscapes, generating income from its valuable wood and oils while contributing to conservation goals.

“It will act like a cash crop and in agroforestry systems with medicinal, cosmetic, essential oils, erosion control and soil conservation, as an agent to help extract and remove elements of pollutants in soil (known as soil phytoremediation), ethnoveterinary medicine, resilient food source for local consumption benefits as well as help in creating climate-resilient landscapes,” she said.

Her research not only sheds light on the economic potential of African sandalwood but also advocates for policy reforms that allow local communities to participate actively in conservation efforts, especially through the use of the Habitat Suitability Maps. She emphasises the need for updated laws to ensure fair sharing of benefits from the African sandalwood cultivation among those who tend the land.

Looking ahead, Dr. Mwangi acknowledges that much remains to be explored regarding African sandalwood’s ecological needs and threats. However, she is optimistic that the use of Habitat Suitability Maps especially, would help save the African sandalwood from over and unsustainable harvesting.

In conclusion, the Habitat Suitability Maps developed by Dr Mwangi represent a significant advancement in understanding and conserving African sandalwood while empowering local communities to play a pivotal role in its sustainable management. This research not only contributes to immediate conservation efforts but also lays the groundwork for future studies aimed at ensuring the resilience of this vital species in Africa’s ecosystems.

Rsif is the flagship programme of the Partnership for Skills in Applied Sciences, Engineering, and Technology (PASET), managed by the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) as the Regional Coordination Unit.

 

 

Unlocking Africa’s Potential: A Call to Transform STEM for Global Impact

Key experts from across Africa are meeting in Ethiopia’s capital, Addis Ababa, for a pivotal three-day conference to establish a strategic partnership aimed at transforming the continent’s STEM ecosystem.

The event taking place from 26th–28th November, organised by UNESCO and the African Union Commission, is aimed at tackling the root causes of challenges hindering STEM education, research, innovation, and entrepreneurship, aiming to develop effective strategies to unlock the continent’s full development potential.

The conference’s main agenda is built on the African Union’s (AU) 2024 theme, “Educate an African fit for the 21st Century,” which will forge a continent-wide strategic partnership to build a transformative science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) ecosystem.

According to UNESCO, Africa is poised for a transformative leap, driven by its youthful population—the largest in the world. With over 400 million youth aged 15 to 35, young Africans are projected to make up 42 per cent of the global youth population by 2030. This demographic dividend offers immense potential, but a significant skills gap poses a challenge. Millions of young people across the continent need essential STEM skills to thrive in the 21st-century workforce and drive sustainable development.

Speaking at the conference on Tuesday, Dr Julius Ecuru, Manager, Rsif Regional Coordination Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) pointed out that Africa desires socioeconomic transformation to lift the majority of the people out of subsistence farming into the money economy and improve its human development index (including income levels from low to middle to high income status).

“Industry or private sector development is the driver, while scientific research and innovation is the engine. Building STEM capacity is crucial, & bridging skills gap in applied sciences & engineering are essential for growth,” Dr Ecuru emphasized, adding that we should act now and continue learning as we act.

He called for scaling of science and innovation initiatives and models that are already working, as we think of new ones besides collaborating regionally and internationally, even as we develop national science & innovation systems.

He also mentioned how this is being made real through Rsif by strengthening the institutional capacity for quality doctoral training, research, and innovation in transformative technologies in Sub-Saharan Africa.

“Through Rsif, we are creating a stock of highly skilled scientists, professionals, and innovators in ASET fields. Rsif is also addressing imbalances in the number of women and disadvantaged groups in ASET fields in Africa besides building African universities’ capacity to provide relevant ASET training,” Dr Ecuru stated.

Dr Emmanuel Efah, one of the Rsif Alumni in AI and machine learning, was also present at the conference. Dr Efah shared his inspiring story of how Rsif scholarship and support has raised him as an academic mentor, researcher, and innovator in Ghana. Dr Effah, who is also a senior lecturer at the University of Mines and Technology (UMaT), Tarkwa, Ghana, has been actively involved in capacity building in IoT, robotics, and AI for several students in his home country.

As these experts meet in Addis Ababa, Africans remain hopeful that this conference will be a catalyst for transformative action—one that mobilizes resources, fosters partnerships, and drives strategic investments in STEM. Now is the time to build an inclusive, dynamic STEM ecosystem that positions Africa as a global leader in research and innovation.

Nairobi Workshop Equips Rsif Postdoctoral Fellows with Grant Writing Skills

A grant writing workshop kicked off in Nairobi, Kenya on Monday November 25th 2024, organised by the Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (Rsif) at the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) bringing together 20 scholars. This training taking place at Utalii Hotel, Nairobi is specifically designed for Rsif postdoctoral fellows and aims to equip them with crucial skills and strategies necessary for developing competitive research grant proposals.

The workshop conducted under the project For Strengthening Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Training in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology in Africa (DOCTAS) and supported by a grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York will focus on various aspects of grant writing, including identifying funding opportunities, crafting compelling narratives, and understanding the essential components of a successful proposal. Participants will also learn how to align their project goals with donor requirements, thereby enhancing their chances of securing funding for their research initiatives.

Participants following the training session attentively. Photo/Sakina Mapenzi
Participants following the training session attentively. Photo/Sakina Mapenzi

Speaking during the opening of the workshop, Dr Everlyn Nguku, The Head of Capacity Building and Institutional Development at icipe said, “This workshop has been carefully designed to be both practical and interactive. You will not only learn about the essential components of successful grant applications but will also engage in hands-on writing sessions, peer reviews, and receive personalized feedback. By the end of this week, each of you should have developed concrete skills in proposal writing, budget development, and understanding governance and ethical considerations in research funding, as well as have a proposal that should be submitted for funding.”

“As members of the Rsif community, your research potential and its impact on addressing regional challenges is significant. This workshop represents our commitment to supporting your growth as researchers and future research leaders.

I encourage you to fully engage with the program, share your experiences, and take advantage of this opportunity to strengthen your grant writing capabilities,” Dr Nguku stated.

This initiative is part of a broader effort to strengthen research capacity in Africa by empowering researchers with the tools they need to effectively compete for grants. By improving their grant writing skills, the fellows will be better positioned to contribute innovative solutions to local and global challenges through their research endeavours.

Dr Mwende Mbilo, an Rsif  Alumna from Kenya who attended the workshop stated that this is not only a learning opportunity but a living experience which is impactful. “I am learning all the steps in grant writing process and what it means to develop a good proposal to help us in advancing our research,” she stated.

On his part Dr Saani Nassam Iddrisu an Rsif alumnus from Ghana said this is a great opportunity to learn about great proposal writing.

“I was excited about learning what to include in a grant proposal especially in identifying team members to work with,” he stated.

The workshop reflects a growing recognition of the importance of funding in advancing scientific research and innovation in Africa, ensuring that researchers are well-prepared to navigate the competitive landscape of grant applications.

 

How Nigerian Communities are Building Flood Resilience with DIY Adaptation Strategies

As the risk of floodwaters rise each rainy season, the people of Kano, Nigeria, face a battle against nature that feels more urgent each year. But there is hope at last, a project at Bayero University, under the vision of Prof Aliyu Salisu Barau, is changing the game. Through the PASET Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (Rsif), this initiative by Prof Barau and his team is teaching communities to tackle flood risks head-on with Do-It-Yourself (DIY) adaptation strategies. Bayero University is one of the15 Rsif African Host Universities (AHU), focusing on climate change. This approach empowers the community to develop their own flood risk communication methods, equipping them to face the mounting impacts of climate change with resilience and resourcefulness.

Attending COP 29 this week with his team, Prof Barau is at the fore front sharing the successes and lessons of this initiative, showcasing Nigeria’s community-driven approach to resilience on the world stage. This  is a significant step in climate change adaptation strategies.

We caught up with Prof Barua and had this conversation:

Q: What motivated you to initiate the “Do-It-Yourself Adaptation” project, and what specific challenges does it aim to address in Northern Nigeria?

A: People in every community have inherent and inherited strategies to cope with a wide range of issues based on their nature of environment. On this note, our project explored some of the local knowledge

systems and experiences that could help in promoting and integrating them in addressing flood risks. These knowledge systems are key motivations and also the inherent failures associated with government-driven flood mitigation interventions that have failed to support affected communities.

Q: Can you describe the main goals of the project and how they align with the needs of rural communities facing climate risks?

A: The main goals are to promote communication strategies that demystify the science of climate change and flood adaptation in such ways that such knowledge will be available to people in their local language and regardless of their level of literacy.

Q: Could you explain the key features of the flood risk hazards toolkit and how it will empower communities to adapt to climate change?

A: Loss of shelter and farm produce are critical forms of loss and damage for rural communities. However, development of knowledge streams of how to promote resilience through cartoons, stage dramas and songs, a flood messaging app, that specifically educates communities on pre-disaster, during, and post-disaster scenarios.

Q: What immediate benefits do you anticipate for communities involved in this project, and how will you measure its success?

A: The use of smart technologies is an important and easy way for communities to share flood risk information easily and immediately, which is very important. Similarly, the cartoons and songs are tool for easily reaching out to women and youths in

particular through these tools’ entertainment dimensions.

Q: How does this project fit into Nigeria’s broader climate adaptation strategies and its commitments under international agreements?

A: African countries and Nigeria inclusive at the moment need to give top priority to community-focused adaptation education, information sharing and engagement as best ways to achieve adaptation and climate resilience from the grassroots.

Q: What specific messages or outcomes do you hope to bring to COP 29 regarding community-led adaptation efforts?

A: African needs more creative ways to enhance, upgrade and improve climate resilience and adaptation strategies that include local knowledge systems and experiences.

Q: In what ways do you believe grassroots initiatives like yours can influence national and international climate policies moving forward?

A: This kind of effort must start from somewhere. We are glad to be among the set of researchers to push this forward.

Q: What final thoughts would you like to share about the importance of community engagement in addressing climate change at COP 29 and beyond?

A: Rounds of COP are for the privileged and messages of communities are expressed through intermediaries. However, community engagement is a vehicle that takes communities through COPs meetings through verifiable results of what communities can do on their own to achieve resilience and positive climate actions.

 

COP29 Spotlight: Ethiopian Scientist’s Vision for Climate-Resilient Agriculture

As world leaders and experts gather at COP29 to address climate resilience and adaptation, we shine a spotlight on Dr Fenet Belay, a Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (RSIF) scholar, from Ethiopia. Rsif is the flagship programme of the Partnership for Skills in Applied Sciences, Engineering, and Technology (PASET), managed by the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) as the Regional Coordination Unit. Dr Belay focuses on the critical struggles faced by smallholder farmers in Southwest and Central Ethiopia. Her work reveals how the extreme Coefficient of Variability (CV) in rainfall in Central Ethiopia severely hinders these farmers’ ability to adapt to climate shifts. Rainfall unpredictability in this region disrupts crop yields and food security, illustrating the urgency of climate solutions that support the world’s most vulnerable agricultural communities. Dr Belay’s findings underscore the pressing need for resilient strategies tailored to smallholder farmers, a theme at the forefront of this year’s COP agenda.

We sat down for an interview with Dr Balay recently:

 Q: In light of COP29’s focus on climate resilience, how do your findings from Southwestern and Central Ethiopia illustrate the specific adaptation challenges faced by smallholder farmers, and what practical, scalable solutions have emerged from your research that could be spotlighted at COP29 to support climate adaptation across similar regions?

A: My findings from Southwestern and Central Ethiopia reveal a nuanced picture of the adaptation challenges smallholder farmers face, and they identify practical, scalable solutions that align well with COP29’s focus on climate resilience. Here’s how my research can inform global discussions on supporting climate adaptation for smallholders in similar regions:

Climate Variability and Water Stress: The data show significant rainfall and temperature variability, with regions like Tututi experiencing pronounced rainfall instability. This variability creates severe water stress, making farming less predictable and threatening food security. Scalable solution: Community-managed water harvesting and small-scale irrigation systems are practical interventions that can be adapted to other water-scarce, rain-dependent regions. Highlighting these systems at COP29 could illustrate how low-cost, localized water management approaches help farmers buffer against climate unpredictability.

Vulnerability Disparities by Agroecology: The finding that lowland farmers have higher vulnerability indexes than those in midland or highland zones underscores the need for tailored adaptation strategies based on agroecological context. Scalable solution: Promoting agroecology-specific adaptation measures—such as drought-resistant crops for lowland zones and soil conservation techniques for highlands—can help optimize resilience efforts across diverse landscapes. This approach could serve as a model at COP29 for customizing adaptation policies based on specific climate and topographical conditions.

Socioeconomic Barriers to Adaptation: Factors such as limited access to agricultural credit, lack of market access, and gaps in climate information significantly affect adaptation choices. These socioeconomic constraints are common among smallholders globally. Scalable solution: Expanding rural credit systems and mobile-based climate information services can bridge these barriers, providing farmers with the resources and knowledge needed to make informed adaptation choices. These scalable solutions could be highlighted at COP29 to showcase how addressing socioeconomic barriers supports resilience at the grassroots level.

High-Impact Adaptation Strategies: My research identifies improved crop varieties, irrigation technology, and crop diversification as highly effective strategies, significantly enhancing food security. Farmers who adopt these practices demonstrate notable caloric improvements, underscoring their effectiveness. Scalable solution: Encouraging the comprehensive adoption of these high-impact practices—through subsidies, extension services, and knowledge-sharing networks—can make adaptation more accessible and impactful. Spotlighting these strategies at COP29 could advocate for policies that encourage diverse, integrated adaptation approaches rather than one-size-fits-all solutions.

Data-Driven Policy Support: The use of statistical models like the Multivariate Probit and Multinomial Endogenous Switching Regression models provides robust evidence for the impact of adaptation on food security. Scalable solution: Promoting data-driven decision-making and incorporating similar analyses into policy design could improve the effectiveness of climate adaptation programs globally. COP29 could benefit from these insights, advocating for policies grounded in rigorous, context-specific research.

My findings highlight practical, evidence-based solutions that address both immediate needs and long-term resilience, making a compelling case for policies that empower smallholder farmers with the tools and resources to adapt sustainably. Presenting these insights at COP29 would support the global agenda for building resilient food systems across vulnerable regions.

This evidence strongly supports advocating for policies that promote comprehensive adaptation strategies rather than isolated interventions, which could be a powerful message for COP29 discussions on food security. By showcasing these findings at COP29, my study not only underscores the adaptive capacity of smallholders in SSA but also provides practical, scalable strategies and policy recommendations that could influence global and regional climate resilience initiatives.

Q: In your view, how can innovations driven by African agribusiness leaders and researchers contribute to more resilient food systems, particularly in the context of Ethiopia’s rapidly changing climate?

A: Innovations driven by African agribusiness leaders and researchers can play a crucial role in creating more resilient food systems in Ethiopia, especially in the face of a rapidly changing climate. First, the development of climate-resilient crop varieties through research can significantly enhance productivity and food security. These varieties can withstand extreme weather conditions, pests, and diseases, ensuring stable yields even under stress. Secondly, agribusiness leaders and researchers can foster the adoption of sustainable farming practices, such as agro-ecology and regenerative agriculture. By promoting techniques that enhance soil health, water conservation, and biodiversity, these practices can improve resilience to climate impacts while also increasing farmers’ profitability.

Innovations such as precision agriculture, mobile apps for market access, and climate-smart farming tools can provide farmers with real-time data and insights. This empowers them to make informed decisions regarding planting times, resource allocation, and risk management. Collaboration between agribusiness, research institutions, and local communities is essential. By engaging farmers in the innovation process and incorporating indigenous knowledge, solutions can be tailored to local contexts, ensuring greater acceptance and effectiveness. Furthermore, enhancing access to financial services, such as microcredit and insurance products, can enable farmers to invest on innovative practices and technologies. Financial services motivate smallholder farmers to adopt new methods and mitigate risks associated with climate variability.

In summary, climate-resilient crops, improved agricultural technology adoption, improved extension services, improved access to financial services significantly contribute to building more resilient food systems in Ethiopia, addressing both current challenges and future climate uncertainties.

Q: What role does climate-smart agriculture play in enhancing the food security and resilience of smallholder farmers, and can you share any success stories from your work that illustrate this?

A: Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) plays a vital role in enhancing food security and resilience among smallholder farmers by promoting practices that improve productivity while adapting to and mitigating the impacts of climate change. CSA focuses on three key objectives: increasing agricultural productivity, enhancing resilience to climate variability, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

For smallholder farmers, implementing CSA practices such as crop diversification, soil health management, and efficient water use can lead to improved yields and stable food supply. For example, integrating drought-resistant crop varieties can help farmers maintain production levels during periods of low rainfall. Additionally, practices like agroforestry can enhance soil quality and biodiversity, further increasing resilience to climate shocks.

In my research, one success story emerged from a group of farmers in Central Ethiopia who adopted a combination of improved crop varieties, irrigation technologies and crop diversification. By implementing these climate-smart practices, they reported a substantial increase in their yields, even during periods of erratic rainfall. These groups of farmers not only improved their food security but also gained better market access, as they were able to sell surplus produce. Their experiences highlighted how targeted support and training in CSA practices can lead to significant improvements in resilience and economic stability.

Furthermore, community-based initiatives that promote collective action and knowledge sharing among farmers have proven effective resilience and adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers. In one case, a collective action of farmers implemented a crop rotation system using diverse crops, which not only enhanced their resilience to pests and diseases but also increased overall community food security.

The adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices, such as improved seed varieties and efficient irrigation, can significantly boost productivity while adapting to changing conditions.
The adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices, such as improved seed varieties and efficient irrigation, can significantly boost productivity while adapting to changing conditions. Photo/Courtesy

Q: When it comes to building resilient food systems, what lessons can other African countries learn from the adaptive strategies of smallholder farmers in Ethiopia?

A: There are several valuable lessons that other African countries can learn from the adaptive strategies of smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. First, crop diversification has proven effective in enhancing food security and resilience by mitigating risks associated with climate variability and market fluctuations. The adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices, such as improved seed varieties and efficient irrigation, can significantly boost productivity while adapting to changing conditions. Community collaboration, exemplified by cooperative farming and knowledge-sharing initiatives, strengthens ties and facilitates access to resources. Moreover, utilizing mobile technology for disseminating weather forecasts and market information empowers farmers to make informed decisions. Strengthening agricultural extension services is also crucial for educating farmers about new practices, while access to microcredit and crop insurance can enable investments in resilience. Finally, supportive government policies that prioritize research, technology transfer, and farmer education can tailor interventions to local contexts. Therefore, other African countries can enhance their food security and resilience in the face of climate change and other disruptions embracing theses strategies.

Q: How has the support from Rsif contributed to your research, and in what ways can programmes like Rsif be scaled up to foster greater innovation in Africa’s agricultural sector?

A: The support from Rsif has been instrumental in my research on climate change adaptation strategies for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Rsif provided essential funding for data collection, access to research facilities, and networking opportunities with other researchers and agricultural experts, enabling comprehensive fieldwork and engagement with local communities. To foster greater innovation in Africa’s agricultural sector, programs like Rsif can be scaled up by increasing funding for research initiatives, establishing collaborative networks between universities, research institutions, and local agricultural organizations, and implementing capacity-building training programmes focused on emerging technologies in agriculture. By enhancing these aspects, Rsif can play a pivotal role in transforming Africa’s agriculture and ensuring smallholder farmers’ food security.

Rsif have been instrumental in facilitating my sandwich placement at Greenwich Institute of Natural Resource, UK. This opportunity has provided me with invaluable exposure and network that have significantly enhanced both my academic development and international experiences.

In conclusion, the support from Rsif has been pivotal in shaping my academic journey and career aspirations. The sandwich placement and research experience at Greenwich Institute of Natural Resources have not only equipped me with the necessary skills and knowledge but have also enriched my personal growth and professional network. I am immensely grateful for this opportunity and look forward to apply what I have learned so far.

During my PhD journey, I had the invaluable opportunity to undertake an internship supported by the Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (Rsif) at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), specifically attached to the Accelerating Impacts of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA) project. Overall, this internship not only enriched my academic journey but also equipped me with practical skills and insights crucial for addressing the impacts of climate change on agriculture. It reinforced my commitment to pursuing research that contributes to sustainable agricultural practices and food security in Africa. I am grateful for these transformative experiences.

Q: What are the key barriers you’ve identified that hinder smallholder farmers from implementing climate-resilient practices, and how can they be overcome through research and policy?

A: There are various factors that significantly influence farmers’ decisions to choose and implement adaptation strategies in the face of changing climatic conditions. Key among these factors is the agricultural extension services, which provide farmers with critical information on best practices and new technologies; those receiving regular support are more likely to make informed decisions that enhance their resilience to climate change. Additionally, the educational level of farmers plays a significant role in their ability to understand and respond to climate-related challenges, with higher education often correlating to improved comprehension of scientific information and technology. The size of a farmer’s land holding also impacts their capacity to implement adaptation strategies, as larger holdings offer more opportunities for diversification and investment in sustainable practices. Timely access to relevant climate information is essential, enabling farmers to anticipate and respond to changing conditions, while access to agricultural credit allows them to invest in necessary resources for adaptation. Furthermore, proximity to markets influences farmers’ ability to sell their products and reinvest in their operations; those closer to markets can more easily access resources and information, facilitating the adoption of adaptation strategies. Overall, understanding these influences is essential for policymakers and agricultural support organizations aiming to enhance the resilience of farming communities against climate change. Addressing these factors such as improving access to agricultural extension services, implementing educational programmes (farmers training), facilitating access to credit, improving market accessibility, and ensuring timely dissemination of climate information can significantly enhance farmers’ resilience and food security.

To overcome these barriers, targeted research can play a vital role in identifying effective and context specific adaptation strategies that are feasible for smallholder farmers. Policy interventions should focus on enhancing access to climate information through the development of localized weather forecasting systems and the establishment of information sharing platforms. Strengthening agricultural extension services by training more extension workers and ensuring they are equipped with up-to-date knowledge on climate resilience can provide essential support to farmers.

Q: Looking ahead, what innovations do you believe hold the greatest potential for building resilient food systems in Africa, and how can African researchers and agribusiness leaders work together to make this a reality?

A: Looking ahead, several innovations hold significant potential for building resilient food systems in Africa. First, climate change adaptation strategies, such as improved crop varieties, irrigation technologies and crop diversification can enhance productivity while reducing environmental impact. Second, the development and dissemination of drought-resistant crop varieties can help mitigate the effects of climate variability. Additionally, the use of digital technology, including mobile applications for weather forecasting and market access, can empower farmers with timely information and resources. To make these innovations a reality, collaboration between African researchers and agribusiness leaders is crucial. Researchers can focus on generating evidence-based findings and developing new technologies tailored to local contexts. Agribusiness leaders, on the other hand, can leverage their market knowledge and networks to facilitate the adoption of these innovations. Joint initiatives, such as public-private partnerships, can provide platforms for knowledge exchange and resource mobilization.

Moreover, creating innovation hubs that bring together researchers, entrepreneurs, and farmers can foster collaboration and drive local solutions. By aligning research agendas with the needs of the agricultural sector and ensuring that innovations are accessible and scalable, we can build resilient food systems that enhance food security and support sustainable development across Africa.