The Laboratory of Digital Models in Structures and Construction in Barcelona, Spain, welcomed Onelia Caribo, a PhD student from the University of Rwanda at ACEIoT, a scholar under the Partnership for Skills in Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology (PASET)-Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (Rsif) programme.
Rsif is the flagship initiative of the PASET, an Africa-led effort supported by the World Bank. It offers a historic opportunity to train a new generation of PhD students in applied sciences, engineering, and technology at top African Host Universities (AHUs) in collaboration with international partner institutions. Beyond academic training, Rsif promotes research capacity by building partnerships between universities and companies to address local challenges.
During her stay this summer, Onelia Caribo explored the potential of digital twins for school laboratories in Mozambique and Rwanda. The project proposes cost-effective, open-source, a multi-lab perspective (biology, physics, chemistry), and multi-platform experiments, using sensors, computer vision, and mobile devices, within an open and creative framework. She also enriched her experience by participating in academic activities held at the Laboratory during her stay.
Together with Prof Rolando Chacón, they designed several experiments, explored their learning objectives, discussed how digital twins can enhance the learning process, and assessed their scalability. This radical openness approach showcases how digital twins can bridge the physical and digital worlds, enriching with accessible technologies, educational science practices in African high schools.
Bridging Policy and Practice in Ethiopia’s Higher Education Sector
Ethiopia’s commitment to strengthening science, technology, and innovation (STI) came into sharp focus during the PASET Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (Rsif) High-Level Policy Dialogue held on 26 June 2025 at Haile Hotels and Resorts in Addis Ababa. The dialogue, themed “Bridging Policy and Practice: A Strategic Approach for Higher Education and Skills Development in Ethiopia,” brought together over 40 stakeholders, 11 of them women, from academia, research institutions, government ministries, international partners, and the private sector.
Organized by icipe (International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology) and the African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS), the event aimed to generate actionable recommendations to reform and elevate Ethiopia’s higher education and research ecosystem.
The event forms part of a broader initiative anchored on a multi-country study examining doctoral and postdoctoral training in Kenya, Rwanda, and Ethiopia, supported by the Carnegie Corporation of New York. The Ethiopia country report revealed deep systemic challenges in doctoral education: high dropout rates (51%), limited infrastructure, underfunding, and persistent gender disparities.
Opening Reflections: Investing in Human Capital
Dr. Nicholas Odongo, Deputy Head of the STIKS Programme at ACTS, opened the session by highlighting the urgency of bridging the gap between academic research and practical policy implementation.
Dr. Nicholas Odongo. Photo/Sakina Mapenzi
Dr. Everlyn Nguku, Head of Capacity Building and Institutional Development at icipe, underscored Ethiopia’s position as a key player in the Rsif ecosystem.
“To date, Rsif has awarded 302 PhD scholarships, including 11 Ethiopian scholars, whose studies are supported through funding provided by other African governments. 54 scholars have since graduated and in our midst today we have 2 Ethiopian Rsif Alumni Drs, Fenet Belay – Jimma University and Haftu Mengesha – Mekelle University. Here in Ethiopia, Haramaya University is among the designated Rsif African Host Universities (AHUs). It currently hosts 8 Rsif scholars, with a ninth scholar expected to report later this year. This reflects Ethiopia’s leadership and early investment in science capacity building and as a founding member of PASET.
Dr. Everlyn Nguku. Photo/Sakina Mapenzi
Ethiopia’s Knowledge Economy Imperative
In his keynote address, H.E. Dr. Bayissa Badada, State Minister for Research and Innovation at Ethiopia’s Ministry of Innovation and Technology (MInT), declared the transformation of higher education “a national imperative.”
“To meet the aspirations of our people and align with our national development framework, we must transition from a resource-based model to one rooted in knowledge, creativity, and innovation,” said Dr. Bayissa. “Our universities must become dynamic ecosystems for knowledge creation, innovation, and research.”
He emphasized the establishment of innovation clusters, technology incubation centers, and a coherent policy framework that aligns with the STI Policy 2035. Dr. Bayissa also announced the rollout of Ethiopia’s National Research Foundation to coordinate the country’s research and innovation landscape.
Dr. Bayissa Badada. Photo/Sakina Mapenzi
Pathways to Strengthen PhD Training and Postgraduate Impact
Dr. Agnes Lutomiah, Head of Programme at ACTS, presented the Ethiopian country findings from the multi-country study on doctoral education. The study uncovered critical systemic gaps including supervisor-student mismatches, inadequate postdoctoral opportunities, poor research infrastructure, lack of industry-academia linkages, and significant gender disparities.
“Over 50% of PhD students drop out. Challenges range from poor supervision and mental health issues to underfunding and limited career support,” Dr. Lutomiah noted.
She called for gender-responsive scholarship schemes, child-friendly support systems in universities, and more flexible academic pathways to improve retention and completion rates.
Dr. Agnes Lutomiah. Photo/Sakina Mapenzi
High-Level Panel Discussion
A key highlight of the dialogue was a high-level panel discussion chaired by Prof. Solomon Belay Tessema, Innovation Advisor to the Minister and Senior Researcher at the Ministry of Innovation and Technology The session brought together leading voices from academia and policy including H.E. Ato Kora Tushune, State Minister for Higher Education; Prof. Teketel Yohannes of the Ethiopian Academy of Sciences; Prof. Kassahun Tesfaye from the Bio and Emerging Technology Institute; Prof. Nigussie Dechassa of the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research; and Dr. Fenet Belay, an Rsif Alumna and Assistant Professor at Jimma University.
Panelists explored critical institutional bottlenecks and proposed practical solutions for strengthening Ethiopia’s doctoral training ecosystem. Key themes highlighted included the importance of improving supervision quality, creating inclusive pathways for women and marginalized groups, and aligning research agendas with Ethiopia’s socio-economic development goals.
Panelists at the high level policy dialogue. Photo/Sakina Mapenzi
In his remarks, Ato Kora Tushune emphasized the need for a holistic and inclusive approach: “Transformation must be inclusive. We must ensure that no talent is left behind in our national journey towards a knowledge-based economy.” This sentiment echoed throughout the panel, underscoring the urgency of addressing systemic inequities and unlocking the full potential of Ethiopia’s youth and research community.
Ato Kora Tushune. Photo/Sakina Mapenzi
Key Recommendations
The discussions culminated in a strong set of recommendations aimed at transforming Ethiopia’s doctoral education and research landscape. of the founding PASET member countries. Additional recommendations included the establishment of a national research fund with full scholarship coverage; development of a national framework for postdoctoral training; transparent and accountable supervision systems; and the fostering of innovation hubs in collaboration with the private sector. The dialogue also urged the adoption of gender-equity mechanisms such as mentorship programs, flexible scheduling, and institutional childcare support. In alignment with Ethiopia’s STI Policy 2035, participants called for doctoral research to be more demand-driven, interdisciplinary, and responsive to national priorities.
Haramaya University, a key Rsif African Host University (AHU), was well represented at the event, led by Dr. Bobe Bedadi, Deputy Center Leader and Training and Research Head of the Africa Center of Excellence for Climate Smart Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation. The delegation reinforced the institution’s commitment to doctoral education reform and regional collaboration. In his closing remarks, Dr. Tesfaye Lemma, Acting President of Wollega University and former Rsif Coordinator at Haramaya, offered a passionate call to action: “Universities must not just produce knowledge—they must lead the transformation. The recommendations from this dialogue should not remain on paper. They must shape action.”
Dr. Tesfaye Lemma. Photo/Sakina Mapenzi
A Strategic Turning Point
The policy dialogue concluded with a collective call for bold reform. These included increased government investment in academic salaries and infrastructure, stronger regional collaboration through Pan-African frameworks like Rsif, greater inclusion of youth and women in science, and structured pathways for the commercialization of research.
“This dialogue is not just about systems. It’s about people,” concluded Dr. Nguku. “Let us commit to building education and research systems that reflect the brilliance within Ethiopia’s people—not just for national transformation, but for Africa’s collective future.”
About Rsif
The Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (Rsif) is Africa’s first pan-African science fund, supporting doctoral training and research in applied sciences, engineering, and technology. With icipe as its Regional Coordination Unit and backed by African governments and global partners, Rsif plays a pivotal role in building the continent’s STI capacity. Ethiopia, as a founding member, continues to be a strategic partner and key beneficiary of this transformative initiative.
As the sun rose over the misty hills of Chimoio in central Mozambique, our delegation from The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) felt a sense of eager anticipation. We were on a mission to witness firsthand the progress of the PASET-Rsif/MozSkills-supported IETUPUNGUE Project at Universidade Púnguè (UniPúnguè)—and what we found was truly inspiring.
From the moment we arrived, it was clear that something powerful is unfolding here. Professor Lubacha Zilhão, the IETUPUNGUE Project Coordinator, walked us through the initiative’s milestones—each one a step toward transforming how innovation, technology transfer, and intellectual property are nurtured in Mozambican universities.
Equally memorable was the warm welcome from UniPúnguè’s leadership. The Rector, Prof Emília Afonso Nhalevilo expressed deep appreciation for the collaboration with icipe under the PASET-Rsif/MozSkills project, emphasizing the importance of such partnerships in strengthening the university’s capacity and regional influence. Her message was clear: continued collaboration is not just welcome—it’s essential for sustaining momentum.
Unipungue Rector Prof Emília Afonso Nhalevilo receiving memorabilia from Ms Cynthia Orang’o Rsif Research and Innovation Grant Officer.
Another striking moment for me was visiting the university’s new Innovation Incubator Unit. Still fresh with possibility, the space is more than a building—it’s a commitment to empowering students, faculty, and communities to create real-world solutions. You could feel the energy of potential in the air.
The newly established UniPúnguè Innovation Incubator Unit. Photo/ Janet Otieno
This visit wasn’t just an evaluation—it was a chance to see how far vision and collaboration can go. Through Rsif and MozSkills, UniPúnguè isn’t just growing—it’s becoming a beacon of innovation for the region.
We also had the chance to speak directly with Prof Zilhão about the project’s journey, challenges, and what lies ahead and here is what she had to say;
Q: What motivated the launch of this project, and why is it important for Mozambique and the region?
A: The launch of this project was driven by the need to strengthen the innovation capacity of the UniPúnguè university community (faculty, researchers, administrative staff, and students) to increase innovations and enable patenting. Many innovative projects were forgotten due to a lack of awareness about innovation and technology transfer within our university. This project is important for the country because, through innovation, Mozambique can stand out globally and become more competitive.
Q: How is this project contributing to the development of policies at the University? A: The project has greatly benefited the university by enabling the development of two key policies to promote innovation: the Innovation and Technology Transfer Policy and the Intellectual Property Protection Policy.
The icipe delegation flanked by IETUPUNGUE team visiting one of the projects at the institution’s agricultural field.
Q: How does the project align with Mozambique’s development goals, and how will it benefit the community or public policymakers?
A: Mozambique’s National Development Strategy (ENDE) 2025-2044 highlights technological innovation as a key pillar for economic growth and development. The same document notes that reliance on sectors like agriculture and extractive industries has limited economic diversification, making the country vulnerable to external shocks, with limited economic growth, innovation, and competitiveness. This weakness in innovation underscores the need for projects like this to boost innovation in universities and communities.
Additionally, innovation and entrepreneurship are priorities in Mozambique’s current National Education System. For instance, the Secondary Education Curriculum Plan (2022) states that by the end of the first cycle of secondary education, students should be entrepreneurial, creative, critical, and self-confident in performing tasks or solving problems, both in and out of school—skills that align with the ability to innovate. In the medium term, UniPúnguè can train schools to strengthen these competencies.
IETUPUNGUE team and icipe’s team holding a discussion about the progress of the project. icipe’s delegation was led by Dr Michael M. Kidoido, Senior Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Specialist (second right)
Q: What milestones have been achieved so far, and where do you see this project in the coming years?
A: We have developed two policies: the Innovation and Technology Transfer Policy and the Intellectual Property Protection Policy.
We have trained faculty, researchers, administrative staff, and students on innovation and technology transfer.
We are currently forming partnerships with institutions experienced in innovation, technology transfer, and intellectual property protection, such as the Pedro Nunes Institute at the University of Coimbra and the European Patent Office (EPO).
We recently established a business incubator to drive innovation at the university.
We are preparing for the first University Innovation Fair on September 23, which will include not only university students but also participants from other universities, schools, companies, and individuals.
We hope that, through the partnerships we are building, the technology transfer office will become a national reference.
Q: What makes the support from Rsif valuable for your institution? A: The support from Rsif is valuable because:
It has awakened the university to the need to promote innovation.
It has supported the promotion and strengthening of research and innovation capacity, recognition of scientific and technological output, and the development of institutional policies and strategies for technology transfer and intellectual property protection.
It has increased the need to transfer knowledge generated at the university for the benefit of communities.
It has facilitated the creation of national and international partnerships related to technology transfer and intellectual property protection.
Kenya’s drive towards nurturing innovation and building a robust knowledge-based economy took centre stage at the high-level policy dialogue on doctoral training and skills development, a landmark event organized by International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), the Regional Coordination Unit of the PASET Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (Rsif) and in collaboration with the African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTs) at the Great Rift Valley Lodge in Naivasha.
The event brought together about 50 stakeholders drawn from relevant ministries, academia, industry, development partners to foster meaningful discussions on aligning national priorities and emerging trends, best practices and shape strategies that will enhance doctoral training in Kenya and beyond.
This policy dialogue was organized on the backdrop of a multi-country study on doctoral and post-doctoral training and their contributions to national economies in Kenya, Rwanda, and Ethiopia which was conducted by the African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS) on behalf of PASET Rsif and funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York through a grant to icipe. It is drawing from a rich evidence base on the study and anchored on national priorities like Vision 2030 and the African Union’s Agenda 2063.
Kenya’s PhD challenge
Though Kenya’s higher education sector has expanded with the number of licensed universities reaching 80 and university enrollment soaring to over 600,000 students by 2025, only 1.2 per cent these students are enrolled in PhD programmes – a clear indicator of the structural imbalance in the talent pipeline.
Dr Everlyn Nguku, Head of Capacity Building and Institutional Development at icipe giving her opening remarks. Photo/Sakina Mapenzi
“This dialogue is more than a policy discussion—it is a commitment,” Dr Everlyn Nguku, Head of Capacity Building and Institutional Development at icipe, pointed out in her opening address while urging for a commitment to building the intellectual infrastructure that will power Kenya’s next chapter. Dr Nguku stated, “By advancing high-quality doctoral education and fostering African-led research, Rsif plays a key role in promoting inclusive development, scientific excellence, and long-term capacity building across the continent.” She added that, “icipe’s work addresses pressing global challenges by generating cutting-edge, insect-based solutions.”
“icipe is widely recognized as a Centre of Excellence and through its integrated platforms and partnerships, it continues to shape evidence-based policies, drive bioeconomy development, and empower the next generation of African scientific leaders,” she mentioned.
On his part, Dr David Muthaka, Deputy Commission Secretary at the Commission for University Education (CUE), underscored a growing disconnect: “Despite increasing university enrollment, the economy is yet to feel the transformative impact of advanced research. Only 43 per cent of academic staff in our universities hold PhDs, and just 15 per cent of graduates have practical, work-based experience.”
His remarks outlined the broader policy dilemma: Kenya aspires to lead Africa in innovation yet remains constrained by low research and development investment—currently at 0.8 per cent of GDP, below the African Union target of 1.5 per cent and far from innovation powerhouses like South Korea at 4.5 per cent.
Dr Agnes Lutomiah, the Head of Programme, Science Technology and Innovation Knowledge in Society at African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTSNET), also touched on pathways to strengthen PhD training and postgraduate impact. Her presentation pointed out the importance of enabling environments, collaboration, and policies that support impactful research and also curb PhD dropout rate.
“50 per cent students drop out of the PhD many of the retake longer to complete the PhD programmes. Contributing factors included: Funding challenges, mental health issues, family, work commitment, and supervisor frustrations,” Dr Lutomiah said.
Roadmap for Doctoral Reform
The dialogue raised the following key issues:
Research and Development investment gap which is currently at 0.8per cent of the GDP, still behind AU target of 1.5 per cent.
The research objective in universities is neglected.
Poor alignment of policy, research and innovation.
Limited research capacity – only 43 per cent of university staff hold PhDs.
Skills and market need mismatch – with over 40 per cent employers citing inadequate skills as a barrier.
Pipeline challenges when it comes to career progression options.
Structural challenges when it comes to research infrastructure, industry alignment and IP structures.
There are glaring gender disparities – more enrolment of males than females (34 per cent only) in our universities.
A recurring theme was the need to shift doctoral training from academic exercises to engines of applied problem-solving.
Panel Discussion | Kenya High-Level Policy Dialogue on Higher Education & Skills Development. Photo/Sakina Mapenzi
There was also a panel discussion which explored strengthening institutional and national policy synergies to maximize the development impact of doctoral training which was moderated by Prof George Owuor, Director of Research and Extension at Egerton University.
The panelists were the leading voices in academia and policy including; Prof Tom Ogada, Director, ACTS; Ms Charity Musembi, National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation; Prof Benard Muthiani Kivunge, Registrar Academics, Kenyatta University; Prof Eunice Kamara, Moi University and Dr Mwende Mbilo, Rsif Alumna and Lecturer, Pwani University. The panelists discussed actionable ways to align national strategies and institutional frameworks to enhance the quality and relevance of doctoral education and research. They also stated that NACOSTI needs to ensure quality assurance and research ethics adherence in ensuring the quality of doctoral education to compare with global universities.
Rsif through icipe has already made significant contributions, so far it has offered 302 PhD scholarships, 64 research grants (of these 23 are research awards grants to faculty at Rsif African Host Universities (AHUs) faculties and 23 Junior Investigator Research Award (JIRA), 10 institutional Innovation Capacity Strengthening grants awarded to support their innovation environment and 8 Cooperability Innovation grants awards to faculty to support them to commercialize their research awarded to Rsif alumni), and institutional capacity building, offering a blueprint for strengthening science, technology, and innovation across Africa.
Rsif focuses on transformative technologies with far-reaching societal impacts in five priority thematic areas namely, ICT including big data and artificial intelligence, Food security and agri-business, Minerals, mining and materials engineering, Energy including renewables and Climate change. Rsif is funded by 9 African governments – Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, and the World Bank, the Government of Korea, and other development partners.
A call for collaborative action
“We must move from policy dialogue to implementation,” urged Dr Nguku in her closing remarks. “The partnerships forged in this room today must become the engines of change tomorrow.” A sentiment echoed by all the participants with a call for strategic partnerships between universities, the private sector, and global institutions, greater inclusion of young researchers and early-career scientists in national development planning, expanded investment in digital infrastructure, innovation hubs, and STEM scholarships.
The policy dialogue workshop collectively recommended a multifaceted approach to strengthen the research and innovation ecosystem, emphasizing the need to align research impact with policy and industry through robust industry-university partnerships and incentives for applied research. Strategic investment in research and development, the creation of funding portals, mentorship, and ensuring fair competition were highlighted as critical to increasing research funding. The establishment of innovation hubs and mandating industry participation were seen as vital for practical knowledge transfer, while faculty development and targeted infrastructure and technology investments were underscored as foundational supports. Promoting gender equity through incentives, flexible schedules, and female mentorship programmes, alongside regular evaluation of supervisory performance, were identified as essential for inclusive and effective research environments.
Dr Salome Wawire from Science for Africa Foundation reiterated the need for improvement on quality assurance to set standards while outlining the way forward.
“Additional recommendations included structured support for doctoral students’ career transitions, moving beyond the “publish or perish” culture by fostering commercialization studies, technology transfer mechanisms, and robust IP policies,” stated Dr Wawire.
The event also called for national research councils and funds to focus on research uptake, the implementation of quality assurance measures for university scholarship—including research integrity offices and standardized requirements for doctoral programmes and internships—comprehensive mental health support within programmes, integration of policies for coherence, and improved data availability to inform national and university policy and management.
What Lies Ahead
The Policy Dialogue concluded with a strong consensus: Kenya must treat knowledge as a strategic asset, not just for education, but as a cornerstone of national competitiveness. The institutions should be intentional about attracting and retaining global talent.
To achieve this; the country must scale up doctoral training to produce the next generation of scientists, educators, and policy leaders, elevate university research output to levels that can drive global relevance and impact plus develop a robust, well-funded postdoctoral ecosystem to ensure that talent is retained and nurtured within the country.
As Dr Muthaka aptly put it, “Transforming higher education is no longer optional — it is a national imperative.”
Shared commitment to the future
In a country where 75 per cent of the population is under 35, the stakes are high—but so is the potential. As the dialogue ends and implementation begins, the message is clear: Kenya’s knowledge economy starts now.
Kenya is steadily moving in its journey toward becoming a globally competitive and industralised country as envisioned in the nation’s Vision 2030. At the core of this transformation journey is the strengthening of higher education and skills development systems, crucial for nurturing innovation and building a robust knowledge-based economy. The upcoming high-level policy dialogue, organized by the Partnership for skills in Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology (PASET) Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (Rsif) in partnership with the African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS), will bring together top minds to chart the future of doctoral and post-doctoral training in Kenya. Rsif is Africa’s flagship programme for building doctoral training, research, and innovation capacity in applied sciences, engineering, and technology, managed by the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) on behalf of PASET.
This event, scheduled to take place in Naivasha, Kenya, will convene over 50 key stakeholders from government ministries, academia, industry, and development partners. The dialogue builds on the findings of a recent multi-country study spanning Kenya, Rwanda, and Ethiopia, which explored the impact of doctoral training on national economies. Participants will deliberate on strategic policy approaches, share best practices, and generate actionable recommendations to align higher education with Kenya’s economic and development priorities.
Rsif through icipe has already made significant contributions, so far it has offered 302 PhD scholarships, 64 research grants (of these 23 are research awards grants to faculty at Rsif African Host Universities (AHUs) faculties and 23 Junior Investigator Research Award (JIRA), 10 institutional Innovation Capacity Strengthening grants awarded to support their innovation environment and 8 Cooperability Innovation grants awards to faculty to support them to commercialize their research awarded to Rsif alumni), and institutional capacity building, offering a blueprint for strengthening science, technology, and innovation across Africa.
Rsif focuses on transformative technologies with far-reaching societal impacts in five priority thematic areas namely, ICT including big data and artificial intelligence, Food security and agri-business, Minerals, mining and materials engineering, Energy including renewables and Climate change. Rsif is funded by 9 African governments – Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, and the World Bank, the Government of Korea, and other development partners.
Speaking ahead of the high-level meeting, Dr Everlyne Nguku, The Head of Capacity Building at icipe said that “We recognize that in any knowledge driven economy, a country’s strength lies in the minds its nurtures. For Kenya and Africa at large, investing in doctoral education is beyond a good policy priority, it is a strategic foundation upon which to build its socio-economic transformation and secure its future.”
The policy dialogue aims to foster a new era of partnership, ensuring that doctoral education and research are not only relevant and high-quality but also directly contribute to Kenya’s socio-economic transformation.
By strengthening partnerships between academia, government, and industry, the event promises to advance the national strategic plan of strengthening higher education and skills development and inspire similar efforts across the continent—paving the way for the Africa We Want.
Youth-led households in Ghana’s coastal fishing communities face mounting economic and food security challenges. New research from Rsif PhD graduate Dr Esther Aba Eshun offers critical insights and solutions for a more resilient, inclusive future.
As the world marks World Environment Day 2025, with its theme “Restore Our Earth, Empower Our Youth,” the spotlight falls on communities where environmental changes directly impact daily life. In Ghana’s coastal fishing communities, declining fish stocks and the growing impact of climate change are putting immense pressure on young people — especially those heading households — to find alternative sources of income.
A new study by Dr Esther Aba Eshun, a recent PhD graduate from the University of Ghana and alumna of the Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (Rsif), reveals how livelihood diversification can significantly enhance food security and economic resilience among these vulnerable groups.
Dr Esther Aba Eshun. Photo/ Sakina Mapenzi
“Different groups — men, women, persons with disabilities — play specific roles in Ghana’s food systems, not just fisheries,” Dr Esther explains. “A gendered approach provides the avenue for tailored solutions that address group-specific needs and ensure economic stability year-round.”
Esther’s research, carried out across 14 coastal communities in Ghana’s Greater Accra and Central Regions, used both quantitative and qualitative tools to explore the factors influencing livelihood choices among youth-headed households (YHH). The study finds that income from diversified sources is positively correlated with food security — and that support systems like education, training, and social group membership are critical to enabling youth to adapt. Her findings underscore the urgent need for environmental action and youth empowerment, echoing the global call to invest in young leaders as agents of change for a sustainable planet.
Her analysis, which used the household dietary diversity score (HDDS) and household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS), shows that increased income from diversified activities helps reduce household stress and shocks. Yet, women and youth often lack the skills or assets to take up alternative livelihoods — underscoring the importance of targeted interventions.
“To meet the specific needs of young women, a needs assessment is essential,” Dr Esther says. “This helps identify challenges, map out opportunities, and develop the right skills to equip them.”
The research also highlights the stark gender roles in Ghana’s fisheries supply chain and warns that failing to adopt an inclusive approach will only deepen existing inequalities. Esther’s findings point to the need for gender-responsive skills development and institutional support to empower youth-headed households in the face of climate and economic pressures.
Esther credits the Rsif program for enabling her research:
“Without PASET-Rsif, my studies would have been very challenging. The gender-sensitive nature of the scholarship encouraged me to adopt a gendered lens. My work contributes not just to academic literature, but also to national food systems transformation and the Sustainable Development Goals.”
With 424 households surveyed and clear policy implications, her research has the potential to inform national strategies in Ghana — and inspire similar interventions across Africa’s coastal and small-scale fisheries communities. This World Environment Day, Esther’s work serves as a reminder that environmental restoration and climate adaptation must go hand-in-hand with social innovation. By equipping young people with the skills and opportunities to diversify their livelihoods, Ghana — and the world — can build more resilient communities that thrive in harmony with nature.
Maimuna*, a promising postgraduate student, is hesitating to report an uncomfortable encounter with a faculty member. She tried discussing with her roommate who has advised her that reporting the issue will only make things worse for her because no action will be taken against her tormentor. Across institutions in Nigeria and beyond, many students and staff face similar dilemmas—uncertain if their voices will be heard, or if their safety will be protected. It’s stories like Maimuna’s that underscore why safeguarding in academic environments is so crucial.
Every student, lecturer, and staff member should feel safe in the university. This means all invisible barriers need to be broken so that every voice can be heard without fear. Achieving this vision requires more than just rules on paper; it demands a living culture of protection and respect and this is where safeguarding comes in.
The Director Center of Excellence for Dryland Agriculture (CDA), Bayero University, Kano, Professor Jibrin Mohammed Jibrin welcomes participants to the workshop.
Safeguarding in academic environments is about weaving together systems, policies, and everyday practices that shield everyone in the university community from harm—whether it’s sexual harassment, exploitation, or abuse. But the most effective safeguards don’t stop there: they are inclusive by design, ensuring these protections reach everyone, regardless of gender, disability, or background, leaving no one behind.
This approach is not only about compliance with institutional rules but about fostering a campus where every individual feels empowered and respected to pursue their ambitions. It also involves fostering an equitable institution culture where all can feel safe.
This commitment to inclusive safeguarding was at the heart of a recent refresher workshop held by the Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (Rsif) in collaboration with Bayero University Kano (BUK), Nigeria. The hybrid event, hosted at BUK’s Centre for Dryland Agriculture (CDA), brought together 50 participants (28 male and 22 female)—including Rsif scholars, faculty, administrative staff, student leaders, and gender experts—from BUK and neighbouring institutions such as Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology, Northwest University Kano, Khalifa Isyaku Rabiu University, Maryam Abacha American University of Nigeria, and AZMAN University.
Prof Amina Mustapha shares a point during the workshop.
According to Prof Amina Mustapha, BUK Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Research and Development who participated in the workshop, many forms of sexual harassment in academia—ranging from quid pro quo and hostile environments to digital and peer-to-peer harassment—have lasting impacts on individuals and institutional integrity. It is therefore important that this issue is urgently addressed because it constitutes serious violations of human rights and dignity.
Mr Bonface Nyaga addressing the participants of the workshop.
Mr Bonface Nyagah, Rsif Capacity Building and Safeguarding Officer, opines that it is of importance that all stakeholders continually remind themselves of the existing Sexual Exploitation, Abuse, and Harassment (SEAH) and Gender Based Violence (GBV) policies in the institutions. This can be done by utilizing refresher workshops, plugging SEA/SH and GBV awareness sessions in institutional and programmatic orientation for staff and project staff, including suppliers. Further, necessary information brochures can be provided.
“There is a need to have the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) in all institutions that provide avenues for reporting and referral pathways for the survivors. This ensures that the survivors can access not only justice but much required medical, legal and psychosocial support,” he stated.
Dr Safiya Nuhu speaks during the workshop.
Dr Safiya Ahmad Nuhu, Director of BUK’s Centre for Gender Studies, detailed the university’s multi-layered response to sexual harassment. This includes tiered reporting structures, clear penalties, referral mechanisms, and the Confidential Corner—a safe space for confidential counselling.
“Prevention-first policies, such as gender and dress code guidelines, are foundational in a safeguarding environment”, Dr Safiya said.
Disability inclusion advocate Mr Oyeniye Kudus Olanrewaju believes that the unique vulnerabilities faced by persons with disabilities should be part of safeguarding policies that are intentionally disability-inclusive and should conform to Nigeria’s Disability Act and international conventions.
A panel discussion during the workshop.
The interactive panel discussion, featuring voices from across the university—including Rsif scholar Desta Mulu stated that SEAH (reporting mechanisms must be accessible and user-friendly to all stakeholders. Prof Aisha Ismail who served as the pioneer director of BUK Centre for Gender Studies stressed the importance of building trust in institutional policies to encourage timely reporting and discussed cultural factors influencing perceptions and responses to sexual harassment. On his part, the Director of the Centre for Economics, Social and Population Research (CESPOR) at BUK, Prof Ismail Muhammad Zango pointed out that institutional leaders have a critical role in raising awareness of safeguarding protocols and engaging stakeholders through continuous sensitisation.
Ms Haj Binta Lawan Saji from Servicom non-academic staff also expressed that safeguarding training should be conducted regularly and integrated into orientation programmes for new staff, students, and affiliates while Prof Ali Tijjani of the Anti-Corruption and Transparency Unit (ACTU) opined that institutions must understand and respect how cultural contexts influence perceptions and reporting of SEAH and safeguarding issues.
Some of the participants of the workshop
The workshop highlighted several crucial lessons for enhancing safeguards within university settings. It emphasized the importance of adopting survivor-centered approaches to ensure that the needs and voices of survivors are prioritized. Additionally, it underscored the necessity of developing policies that are both inclusive—addressing the diverse needs of the university community—and actionable, enabling effective implementation. Finally, the workshop advocated for moving beyond mere compliance with regulations toward fostering genuine cultural transformation, creating safer and more supportive academic environments, and the value of moving beyond compliance toward genuine cultural transformation.
This workshop should be a wake-up call to all institutions on the need for annual refresher trainings, development of safeguarding toolkits, institutional disability audits, and the expansion of confidential support spaces—affirming that inclusive safeguards are essential for safe, accountable, and thriving academic environments. *Name has been changed.
A high-level side event organized by the PASET Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (Rsif) convened leading researchers, policymakers, industry figures, and development partners at the 5th Biennial International Conference on Drylands at Bayero University, Kano Nigeria to chart a new course for climate-resilient agriculture in Africa. The event, held under the theme “Innovating for Climate-Resilient Agriculture: Bridging Science, Policy, and Practice for Development Impact in Africa,” spotlighted the urgent need for transformative action as the continent faces escalating climate threats.
Bridging gaps for transformative change
Supported by the International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), which coordinates the Rsif, the session underscored the critical role of higher education institutions and regional programs in driving agricultural innovation. Dr David Awolola, Director of Technical Services at the African Group of Negotiators Expert Support (AGNES), delivered a keynote address, followed by an interactive plenary with diverse stakeholders.
At the 5th Biennial Conference on Dryland Agriculture in BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO , hashtag#Rsif proudly launched the Agri-Food Systems & Climate Action Network-uniting top African Centers of Excellence from Mozambique, Ethiopia, Ghana, Tanzania, Uganda, and Nigeria to drive innovation for resilient food systems and climate solutions.
A major highlight was the launch of the “Agri-Food Systems and Climate Action Network.” This initiative aims to promote intra-Africa collaboration by connecting six universities that are centres of excellence across Africa’s regions to foster industry linkages, and build international partnerships to enhance PhD training, conduct research on pressing African issues, and scale up innovations for socio-economic development.
Key challenges facing African agriculture
The 50 participants including 20 women at the launch painted a stark picture of Africa’s vulnerability to climate change, citing frequent droughts, floods, and mounting food insecurity that cost some countries up to 3 per cent of GDP annually. Despite these challenges, Africa remains underrepresented in global climate finance and faces significant gaps in domestic resource mobilization.
While digital technologies and innovations-such as drought-resistant seeds and mobile advisory platforms-hold promise, their impact is limited by insufficient access, funding, and support for early-career scientists. The event also highlighted the limited global influence of African researchers, weak policy implementation at national levels, and the need for stronger integration of science into policy and practice.
The Director Center of Excellence for Dryland Agriculture (CDA), Bayero University, Kano, Professor Jibrin Mohammed Jibrin speaks during the side event.
Recommendations
The session produced a set of recommendations to bridge the divide between climate science, policy, and practice including call for stronger partnerships across governments, academia, the private sector, and communities to break down institutional silos and enhance climate policy implementation.
Delegates urged greater investment in research capacity, support for African-led innovation, and deeper engagement between scientists and policymakers to ensure evidence-based strategies.
They also emphasized the need to expand access to funding and technology, integrate local knowledge, and scale up successful agricultural practices to build resilience across the continent.
Scientists and experts from six Mozambique universities and research organisations came together in a three-day workshop on 22-24 April in Maputo to develop action plans for intellectual property (IP) management in Mozambican higher education institutions. The workshop brought together 32 participants including 12 women from universities and research institutes across the country, including a team from the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), which manages the PASET Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (Rsif).
An effective IP management is a critical part of an innovation system. IP are the creations of the mind, which are protected through patents, copyrights, and trademarks. Universities and research institutes can license their IP to private companies, which put them to industrial or commercial use. In this way, universities contribute to growth and development, when the out put of their research is put to use in the production of goods and services.
In her opening remarks, Dr Sheila Canda, Director of Mozambique’s Intellectual Property Institute stressed the importance of IP protection for national development. “The key role of the institute in supporting researchers is to protect novel ideas from their research work. Researchers need to embrace a culture of protecting their intellectual assets which will ultimately increase the number of protection rights in the form of patents, trademarks etc from higher education institution.”
Dr Fernando dos Santos, an IP expert who facilitated the workshop said, “There are several strategies that institutions can adopt to promote innovation and technology transfer within higher education and research centres across the country. However, for these strategies to be effective, it is critical to strengthen the linkages between innovation, technology transfer, and intellectual property management. This integration is key to fostering a strong culture of entrepreneurship among students and faculty in Mozambican institutions.”
Ms Cynthia Orangó, the Research and Innovation grants officer of Rsif underscored the role of universities in driving economic transformation through innovation. She said, “There is a need to co-create actionable, context-specific plans that will strengthen research translation, IP protection, and entrepreneurship in higher education institutions across Mozambique.”
Key sessions featured insights from Prof Manuel Rebelo who talked about Mozambique’s innovation policy landscape. Other presentations were on IP registration processes, and experiences from universities and research centres, including Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM), among others. Panel discussions highlighted lessons in developing effective IP policies to foster university-industry linkages.
By the end of the workshop, all participating institutions had drafted tailored action plans to improve their innovation ecosystems, marking a critical step toward advancing research commercialization by Mozambique’s universities and research organisations.
Egas Armando, Rsif Scholar and faculty member at Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, shares insights on how Business Incubation Centres and Technology Transfer Offices are helping universities turn ideas into real-world impact at the workshop.
The workshop was organised with the theme, “strengthening university innovation ecosystem and support for intellectual property management practices”, and specifically targeted Mozambique universities and research organisations that are benefiting from Rsif/ MozSkills project’s Institutional Innovation Capacity Building Program (ICBP).
Rsif s a flagship initiative of the Partnership for Skills in Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology (PASET). It is implemented by icipe as the Regional Coordination Unit (RCU) since August 2018. Rsif’s development objective is to strengthen the institutional capacity for quality doctoral training, research, and innovation in transformative technologies in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Mozambique is a member of the PASET. It contributes to the Rsif through its Improvement for Skills Development (MozSkills) project. Through this contribution, Mozambique is supporting 40 PhD scholars (32 Mozambican) and 14 research and innovation projects across eight Mozambican higher education institutions and one research centre are being supported.
Climate change is affecting Africa’s natural forest ecosystems and threating the continent’s agriculture and biodiversity.
Dr Haftu Abrha Mengesha, a recent Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (Rsif) PhD graduate (2024) at the University Félix Houphouët-Boigny (U-FHB) in Côte d’Ivoire, and a citizen of Ethiopia, reveals that Ethiopia’s Hugumbrda Grat-Kahsu National Forest — one of the region’s most ecologically significant but vulnerable dry montane forests, is being affected by climate change.
Africa contributes the least to global greenhouse gas emissions, yet it remains one of the hardest-hit regions. The consequences are dire — affecting food systems, public health, and economies. However, Dr Mengesha, now an Associate Professor of Climate Change, Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture at the Institute of Climate and Society (ICS) at Mekelle University in Ethiopia, is optimistic that conserving the natural forest ecosystem could help build resilience of farming communities against climate change.
Dr Mengesha’s work sheds light on how climate stressors are altering forest ecosystems and reveals the critical role forests play in both climate mitigation and adaptation.
Dr Haftu Mengesha. Photo/ Sakina Mapenzi
His research, conducted at U-FHB in Côte d’Ivoire used climate models, satellite imagery and ground truthing to track the long-term environmental changes of the Hugumbrda Grat-Kahsu Forest in Ethiopia. He noticed that shifting rainfall patterns and rising temperatures are increasing wildfire risks and soil erosion, while also threatening the survival of key plant species. His findings show that water runoff in the forest more than tripled from 1984 to 2020, and soil loss rose sharply. Forest biodiversity also shifted, with noticeable differences in tree size and carbon storage across elevations. These findings underscore the urgency of rethinking conservation strategies to respond to the effects of climate change in Africa natural forest ecosystems.
Dr Mengesha has published 18 peer-reviewed papers. He serves as a reviewer for global journals, and is actively engages with policymakers seeking to build climate resilience.
The PASET Rsif invests in Africa’s brightest like Dr Mengesha, giving them an opportunity to grow as independent scientists and skilled professionals in their field of interest for the development of the continent. Supported by African governments, the World Bank, and development partners, Rsif builds world-class research capacity by funding PhD scholars in applied science, engineering, and technology fields. Rsif is helping African universities produce solutions to the continent’s biggest challenges — from food security to energy, ICT, and climate adaptation.
